深水型水库藻类功能组时空演替及生境变化的影响

藻类功能分组是近年来生态学藻类研究的重要理论和方法.为了探明西安某深水型水源水库藻类功能组时空演替及生境变化的影响,于2011年8月起开展实验研究.研究采用现场在线监测和实验室分析相结合的方法.结果表明,水库藻类可分为10个功能组类别:B、D、P、X1、X3、F、G、J、LM、MP.其中,功能组B、P、F、X1、MP、D、J在水库中较为常见,X3、G、LM出现几率较低,功能组B、D、P、X1、X3的藻类数量占优.通过分析环境因子的变化对功能组时空演替的影响,发现水温为最主要的影响因子.水库藻类生长策略为:春季R/CR策略藻种→春末夏初CR/C策略藻种→夏末秋初C/CR/R/CS/S策略藻种→秋末及冬季CR/R策略藻种.此研究可为深水型水库安全取水提供理论支持.     

Impact of leakage location and downwind storage tank on the gas dispersion in a typical chemical tank storage area

Toxic gas leakage in a tank area can have catastrophic consequences. Storage tank leakage location (particularly for high leakage) and downwind storage tanks potentially influence gas diffusion in tank areas. In this study, we developed a numerical and experimental method to investigate the impact of a high leakage location and downwind storage tank on gas diffusion based on three (1.05H, 0.90H, and 0.77H, H was the tank height, 22m) leakage field experiments on the leeward side of storage tank, which have been not conducted before. The experiments revealed an unexpected phenomenon: the maximum ground concentration first decreased and then increased with increasing leakage height. The simulations illustrated that the differences in micrometeorological conditions caused the maximum ground concentration of gas emitted from the roof to be higher than that emitted from the tank wall near the storage tank height. The downwind storage tank 1) had little influence on the entire diffusion direction but altered the local diffusion pattern; 2) reduced the maximum ground concentration (∼18.7%) and the distance from the emission source (approximately a storage tank diameter); and 3) had strong influences on the concentration, velocity, turbulence, and pressure on the leeward side. The concentration negatively correlated with the velocity, pressure, and turbulence in the middle of the two storage tanks on wind centerline. Our results can improve understanding of gas dispersion in tank areas and provide references for mitigating loss and protecting lives during emergency response processes.     

Effect of particle size on CO adsorption and thermodynamic analysis

The liquid nitrogen adsorption method was used to characterize the pore structure of non-cohesive coal in the 061,404 working face of the Lingxin coal mine. The amount of specific surface area of micropores in the sample continuously rose as particle sizes reduced. The volumetric method was used to measure the CO isothermal adsorption curves of three samples (sample I, 0.425–0.25 mm, sample II, 0.18–0.25 mm, and sample III, 0.15–0.18 mm). The experimental results were fitted by the Langmuir model. According to the experimental results, it was conducive to CO adsorption with the conditions of high pressure and low-temperature. The decrease in grain diameter increased the number and volume of micropores in the sample, which improved the adsorption capacity of the sample. In addition, according to the adsorption data, the CO adsorption thermodynamics of three samples were analyzed, including surface potential (Ω), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and entropy change (ΔS). The results demonstrated that CO adsorption by coal was a spontaneous process. Sample III has the most substantial adsorption capacity, whereas the sample I has the weakest adsorption capacity.     

浅析废烟气脱硝催化剂环境管理

随着"十二五"期间国家对氮氧化物排放的控制越来越严格,选择性催化还原(SCR)烟气脱硝技术被广泛应用于火电厂的脱硝工程。本文介绍我国目前废烟气脱硝催化剂的产生情况、存在的环境风险以及发达国家的管理经验,从而提出我国将废烟气脱硝催化剂纳入危险废物管理,推行危险废物经营许可证制度,加强产生和经营单位的日常监督管理,从而促进行业的健康可持续发展。     

环境监测实验室空气中汞污染与防治

采用冷原子吸收法,使用便携式测汞仪对实验室空气中汞的浓度进行测定,监测结果表明,环境监测实验室空气中汞的污染较为严重,主要来源于COD、氨氮、大气中氨及汞样品测定时含汞试剂及汞标液的使用和含汞废液的排放。根据对监测结果的评价和分析提出了相应的防治措施,提醒实验室的管理及分析人员,要增强环境保护意识,加强实验室的管理,减少含汞及其它有毒废液的排放,改善实验室的环境空气质量,保护分析人员的身体健康。     

星云湖湖滨带生态恢复措施探讨

阐述了星云湖湖滨带生态恢复的意义,分析了星云湖湖滨带主要环境问题,探讨了星云湖湖滨带生态恢复的措施。     

福建沿海地区大气悬浮颗粒物及颗粒态汞的时空分布研究

2010年4月-2011年3月,对福建省厦门至泉州沿海地区大气中悬浮颗粒物（PM10）和颗粒态汞（TPM）进行为期一年的观测,结果表明其大气中PM10和TPM的浓度范围分别为6.4～426.5μg／m3和18.2～3879.4 pg／m3,PM10和TPM平均浓度分别为122.5μg／m3和947.9pg／m3。不同采样点PM10和TPM浓度的季节变化趋势稍有不同,但大致都呈冬高夏低的趋势。PM10和TPM浓度的季节变化趋势主要与气温、逆温层、降雨量等气象条件有关。同时研究分析了TPM的昼夜变化趋势,结果表明TPM浓度在春冬季主要表现为夜间浓度高于日间浓度,夏秋季则为日间浓度高于夜间浓度。     

浅谈黑龙江及乌苏里江流域废水中污染物排放特征

以跨界流域黑龙江和乌苏里江为研究对象,通过合理的流域断面设置,对流域废水中的污染物及农药残留进行分析测定,通过监测结果为以后的污染防治提供依据。     

齐齐哈尔市建华区餐饮业噪声污染特点及防治对策

近年来城区餐饮业发展迅速,引发了一系列的环境问题。阐述了餐饮业噪声污染现状,产生污染的原因,并就如何解决这些问题提出了意见。     

生态经济学视角下的循环农业：理论、实践与发展方向

农业经历了生态农业、化学农业到生态农业的变迁,生态农业是起点也是终点。发达国家饱尝了发展化学农业的苦果,随后转轨到生态农业的道路上,最后认识到只有发展循环农业才能够做到农业可持续发展。发达国家的循环农业特别强调生态内涵和变废为宝理念,政府的财政投入和科研投入力度很大。相比之下,我国虽然已经开始发展循环农业,但目前还并不普遍,化学农业还占有很大比例。学习吸收发达国家的经验,会让我国尽早走上循环农业的发展道路。循环农业是我国农业的发展方向,为了做到这一点,需要强化农业产业化力度、加大财政补贴力度和科研投入力度。